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| doctoral_advisor = Salvador Luria | thesis_title = The Biological Properties of X-Ray Inactivated Bacteriophage | thesis_url = http://search.proquest.com/docview/302021835 | thesis_year = 1951 | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = | influences = | influenced = | awards = | signature = James D Watson signature.svg | signature_alt = | footnotes = | spouse = | website = }} James Dewey Watson (born April 6, 1928) is an American molecular biologist, geneticist and zoologist, best known as one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA in 1953 with Francis Crick. Watson, Crick, and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material".〔 Watson earned degrees at the University of Chicago (B.S., 1947) and Indiana University (Ph.D., 1950). Following a post-doctoral year at Copenhagen University with Herman Kalckar and Ole Maaloe, Watson next worked at the University of Cambridge's Cavendish Laboratory in England, where he first met his future collaborator and friend Francis Crick. From 1956 to 1976, Watson was on the faculty of the Harvard University Biology Department, promoting research in molecular biology. From 1968 he served as director of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) on Long Island, New York, greatly expanding its level of funding and research. At CSHL, he shifted his research emphasis to the study of cancer, along with making it a world leading research center in molecular biology. In 1994, he started as president and served for 10 years. He was then appointed chancellor, serving until 2007 when he resigned his position after making controversial comments claiming a link between intelligence and geographical ancestry.〔Watson, J.D. ("James Watson: To question genetic intelligence is not racism" ), ''Independent'', October 19, 2007. Retrieved October 24, 2007〕〔Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. October 18, 2007. (Statement by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Board of Trustees and President Bruce Stillman, PhD Regarding Dr. Watson’s Comments in The Sunday Times on October 14, 2007 ). Press release. Retrieved October 24, 2007. 〕〔Wigglesworth, K.(DNA pioneer quits after race comments ), ''L.A. Times'', October 26, 2007. Retrieved December 5, 2007〕〔"("Nobel prize-winning biologist resigns." )", ''CNN'', October 25, 2007. Retrieved on October 25, 2007.〕 Between 1988 and 1992, Watson was associated with the National Institutes of Health, helping to establish the Human Genome Project. Watson has written many science books, including the textbook ''Molecular Biology of the Gene'' (1965) and his bestselling book ''The Double Helix'' (1968) about the DNA structure discovery, reissued in a new edition in 2012 - ''The Annotated and Illustrated Double Helix'' edited by Alex Gann and Jan Witkowski. ==Early life and education== James Watson was born in Chicago, Illinois, on April 6, 1928, as the only son of Jean (Mitchell) and James D. Watson, a businessman descended mostly from colonial English immigrants to America.〔 His mother's father, Lauchlin Mitchell, a tailor, was from Glasgow, Scotland, and her mother, Lizzie Gleason, was the child of Irish parents from Tipperary. Raised Catholic, he later described himself as "an escapee from the Catholic religion." Watson said, "The luckiest thing that ever happened to me was that my father didn't believe in God." Watson grew up on the south side of Chicago and attended public schools, including Horace Mann Grammar School and South Shore High School. He was fascinated with bird watching, a hobby shared with his father, so he considered majoring in ornithology. Watson appeared on ''Quiz Kids,'' a popular radio show that challenged bright youngsters to answer questions. Thanks to the liberal policy of University president Robert Hutchins, he enrolled at the University of Chicago, where he was awarded a tuition scholarship, at the age of 15.〔〔 After reading Erwin Schrödinger's book ''What Is Life?'' in 1946, Watson changed his professional ambitions from the study of ornithology to genetics.〔 (Reviewed by Lewis Wolpert, ''Nature'', (2005) 433:686-687. )〕 Watson earned his B.S. degree in Zoology from the University of Chicago in 1947.〔 In his autobiography, ''Avoid Boring People'', Watson described the University of Chicago as an idyllic academic institution where he was instilled with the capacity for critical thought and an ethical compulsion not to suffer fools who impeded his search for truth, in contrast to his description of later experiences. In 1947 Watson left the University of Chicago to become a graduate student at Indiana University, attracted by the presence at Bloomington of the 1946 Nobel Prize winner Hermann Joseph Muller, who in crucial papers published in 1922, 1929, and in the 1930s had laid out all the basic properties of the heredity molecule that Schrödinger presented in his 1944 book. He received his PhD degree from Indiana University in 1950; Salvador Luria was his doctoral advisor.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「James Watson」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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